Percent Purity = (mass of pure substance/mass of sample) × 100 v² = u² + 2as F_x + F_y(dy/dx) = 0 d = √((x₂-x₁)²+(y₂-y₁)²) s = ut + ½at² A = πab λ = h/p ΔG = ΔH - TΔS F = k( q₁q₂ )/r² K.E. = ½mv² E = VIt ∫ u dv = uv - ∫ v du K_c = ([C]^c[D]^d)/([A]^a[B]^b) e^x = Σ xⁿ/n! a_n = a + (n - 1)d sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 A = Pe^rt log_b a = ln a/ln b αβ = c/a π = MRT f(x) = Σ_n=0∞ (f⁽ⁿ⁾(0)/n!)xⁿ e = (v₂ - v₁)/(u₁ - u₂) Q = It ∫(dx/x) = ln|x| + C A = ½ab sin C

cos²(θ/2) = (1 + cosθ)/2 E = hf d/dx(ln x) = 1/x ΔT_f = iK_fm v = u + at (Σ a_i²)(Σ b_i²) ≥ (Σ a_ib_i)² F = q(E + v × B) n = mass/M a_c = v²/r α + β = -b/a d = |Ax₀ + By₀ + C|/√(A²+B²) x = a sinθ P = IV T = 2π√(L/g) (1+x)ⁿ = Σ ⁿ C _k.x^k U = mgh P = W/t E = E° - (0.0591/n) log Q S_n = a(1 - rⁿ)/(1 - r) n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂ A = ½|x₁(y₂-y₃) + x₂(y₃-y₁) + x₃(y₁-y₂)| d/dx(sin x) = cos x m = (y₂ - y₁)/(x₂ - x₁) x = [-b ± √(b² - 4ac)]/(2a) V = L(dI/dt)

S_n = (n/2)[2a + (n - 1)d] lim_x→a f(x)/g(x) = lim_x→a f'(x)/g'(x) S = a/(1 - r) W = Fd cosθ Normality = Molarity × n d/dx(e^x) = e^x M = moles/volume y - y₁ = m(x - x₁) f''(x) Rate = k[A]^m[B]ⁿ V = (4/3)πr³ p = mv sin 2θ = 2 sinθ cosθ s = (a+b+c)/2, A = √(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)) pK_a = -log K_a V = IR C(n, r) = n!/(r!(n-r)!) cos x = Σ (-1)ⁿ x⁽²ⁿ⁾/(2n)! (f(g(x)))' = f'(g(x))⋅g'(x) 1/f = 1/v + 1/u c = λf cos 2θ = cos²θ - sin²θ A = ∫_a^b f(x) dx F = ma ln(P₂/P₁) = -ΔH_vap/R (1/T₂ - 1/T₁)

f'(a) = lim_h→0 (f(a+h)-f(a))/h n = c/v (x-h)² + (y-k)² = r² Φ = BA cosθ 2 sin A cos B = sin(A+B) + sin(A-B) F_c = mv²/r sin²(θ/2) = (1 - cosθ)/2 ΔT_b = iK_bm I = ½ Σ c_i z_i² P(n, r) = n!/(n-r)! Equivalent Weight = Molecular Weight/n pH = -log[H⁺] (a+b)ⁿ = Σ_k=0ⁿ (nCk)a^n-kb^k sin A + sin B = 2 sin((A+B)/2) cos((A-B)/2) A = ab sinθ a_n = ar^{n - 1} ε = -dΦ/dt m = f'(x) f(x) = Σ_n=0∞ (f⁽ⁿ⁾(a)/n!)(x-a)ⁿ d/dx(cos x) = -sin x sin x = Σ (-1)ⁿ x⁽²ⁿ⁺¹⁾/(2n+1)! P_solution = X_solvent × P^°_solvent